During 1992-2014, the field coalesced around rapid prototyping and integration of microfluidics with sensing and electronics. Soft lithography enabled low-cost, fast fabrication of microfluidic channels and bioMEMS devices, catalyzing widespread adoption in point-of-care diagnostics and biomedical research. The Lab-on-a-Chip concept matured, unifying sample handling, analysis, and detection on compact platforms.